EXW
Ex Works
Seller makes goods available at their premises. Buyer handles all transport and risk from pickup.
Seller
Pack goods; make available at named place.
Buyer
Loading, export clearance, carriage, import, unloading.
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Incoterms Reference
Common Incoterms 2020 definitions for planning quotes and contracts. Confirm final terms with your freight forwarder or legal counsel.
FCA
Free Carrier
Seller delivers goods to a carrier or person nominated by the buyer at a named place.
Seller
Deliver to carrier at agreed point; export clearance.
Buyer
Main carriage, import clearance, unloading.
FOB
Free On Board
Seller delivers goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment (sea/inland waterway).
Seller
Deliver on board vessel; export clearance.
Buyer
Ocean freight, insurance (if any), import, discharge.
CFR
Cost and Freight
Seller pays costs to bring goods to the port of destination. Risk transfers when loaded on vessel.
Seller
Pay freight to destination port; export clearance.
Buyer
Insurance, import clearance, discharge, inland delivery.
CIF
Cost, Insurance and Freight
Like CFR, but seller also provides minimum marine insurance to destination port.
Seller
Freight + minimum insurance to destination port.
Buyer
Import clearance, discharge, inland delivery.
CPT
Carriage Paid To
Seller pays freight to a named destination. Risk transfers when handed to first carrier.
Seller
Contract carriage to named place; export clearance.
Buyer
Insurance (if desired), import clearance, unloading.
CIP
Carriage and Insurance Paid To
Like CPT, but seller provides minimum insurance while goods are in transit.
Seller
Carriage + minimum insurance to named place.
Buyer
Import clearance, unloading, onward delivery.
DAP
Delivered At Place
Seller delivers goods ready for unloading at the named destination. Buyer handles import clearance.
Seller
Deliver to named place ready for unloading.
Buyer
Import clearance, unloading, duties/taxes.
DPU
Delivered at Place Unloaded
Seller delivers and unloads goods at the named destination. Buyer handles import clearance.
Seller
Deliver and unload at named place.
Buyer
Import clearance, duties/taxes.
DDP
Delivered Duty Paid
Seller delivers goods cleared for import at the named destination. Maximum seller obligation.
Seller
All transport, export/import clearance, duties where applicable.
Buyer
Unload at destination.